Effective Workplace Teams - 2927 Words

EFFECTIVE WORKPLACE TEAMS A team is a group of people working as an organisation. Teams can be of varying sizes, working independently or inter-linked within other teams. All work organisations operate more effectively as a team. Each persons role can be treated as individual but ultimately will be more successful when integrated with others. It is imperative that there is good communication between all parties, acceptance of diversity and harmonious unity. Some key elements that make a good team are:- Having a clear and shared vision of growth and development Common goals, strategies and tactics Effective feedback Ongoing evaluation A team is a group of links and within these links there will invariably be a weak link. It is†¦show more content†¦In an ideal world team members come together with a common goal, agree a plan of action, iron out their differences and get on with the job in hand. A crisis is dealt with, all the disparate elements come together, and even if the solution isnt found till the eleventh hour, the deadlines are met and the project is finished. Peoples commitment is inaugural. Of course this doesnt always happen and therefore is the responsibility of the Project Manager to ensure that every effort is in place to ensure a successful outcome. In reality petty squabbles can result in verbal (and in some cases physical) battles, hidden agendas knock things off course, deadlines keep getting pushed back and frustration takes over. The project becomes stagnant and the team struggle to progress. Somewhere along the line theres a lack of commitment, it didnt exist, or more important other unrelated tasks were given priority. Planning a project well is a significant component to success but there is also the issue of, its the people, not the processes that make things happen. Dealing with the people aspect of project management is about accepting the fact that people are not always going to like each other, there will be arguments, there will be disagreement as to the best way forward, butShow MoreRelated Work Environment Paper1015 Words   |  5 PagesEvery workplace is unique in terms of their diversity profile therefore, is it vital for organization to create and execute creative communication methodologies that will enable organizations to develop a community rather than just your average run of the mill work environment. For example, active listening, collective goal setting and consistent training are all examples of tools in which organizations can effectively use to promote and execute effective communication within the workplace. So howRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And The Workplace946 Wo rds   |  4 Pagesin the workplace is developed positively or negatively on the individual relationships we have combined with our human behaviors and human actions within each of those relationships. There are many things that can affect interpersonal communications within the workplace, from generational that create technological gaps, to diversity and tolerance it creates, and finally the type of workplace, is it a team environment encouraging inclusiveness within the organization or exclusive workplace wantingRead MoreSatff in the Work Place and The Twenty-First Managers Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe 21st century manager has an immense importance in the workplace because; they have the responsibility to make sure teams develop their skills and achieve their set goals in the workplace. In this essay, I will firstly attempt to analyze and evaluate the importance of teams in the 21st century, drawing upon the theories and research around group development and teams achieving individual and group organizational objectives in the workplace. Secondly, the different types of impacts that the 21stRead MoreEvaluating Team Based Structures Within The Workplace970 Words   |  4 Pagesused team-based structures were considered newsworthy. In today’s business environment, most companies implement a team-based structure in their workforce. Implementing team-based structures in the workplace can have many impacts on the company, providing both benefits and disadvantages. Relying on a team-based structure does not guarantee an increase in performance, productivity, or employee satisfaction. However, companies can use many techniques to improve the effectiveness of their team-basedRead MoreImproving Leadership Effectiveness And Characteristics Of An Empowered Workplace139 3 Words   |  6 Pagesof an empowered workplace, importance of communication, high performance in the workplace, team concepts and member roles, problem solving styles, and the stages in the life of a group will be discussed as well as applied to the case study The Chattanooga Ice Cream Division. The reader will learn about the point of the case study, and how it illustrates different areas of improving leadership effectiveness. Principles and Characteristics of an Empowered Workplace In the workplace, there are principlesRead MoreEssay about Understanding Leadership1102 Words   |  5 Pagesor behaviours in workplace situations (24 marks) There are several factors that will influence the choice of leadership styles and behaviours in workplace situations, some of the factors may develop naturally through ones personality and others are the product of the leaders environment. One factor is the leaders own personality as their leadership style becomes an extension of who they are. For example; leaders with dominating personalities are more likely to dominate their team rather than be partRead MoreCreating and Maintaining a Productive Workplace714 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Maintaining a Productive Workplace The essence of creating and maintaining a productive workplace is the development of and continual fine-tuning of frameworks that promote team communication, collaboration and trust. A highly effective and productive workplace is one that enables workers to have a high level of autonomy, mastery and purpose in their work while also having a high level of job ownership (Kurland, 54). A productive workplace is one that also meets the fundamental needs of the workerRead MoreEffective Communication Skills Are Essential For Success1222 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Effective Communication skills are essential for success in every organization. Individuals today in the workplace need to effectively communicate with employees, customers and potential clients. Effective and clear communication if not delivered in the right manner could be interpreted by the receiver and have a negative impact. There are many barriers that can effect a conversation such as cultural differences, gender and environment. Employees can learn how to adapt in differentRead MoreBusiness Management And Hospitality Industry1370 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional is not only inclusive of the knowledge or the skill level a person possesses but also the attitude, conduct and the environment they create in the workplace. While, most of the employers are looking for professional with knowledge and skill in their field, but they also are also looking for a member who can be an effective team player and possess a good communication skill. Although, these skills were the basis of business management and hospitality industry, they have been increasinglyRead MoreEffective Communication in the Workplace Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. Ads by Google Improve Communication Our NLP Training Program Helps You Overcome Your Fears. Enroll Today! www.EasyNLP.com/ Conflict Management How much is conflict costing you? Assessment, Training, Coaching www.StrategicLeadershipCoaching

Essay about Dracula vs Van Helsing - 958 Words

Dracula reflects both Bram Stoker’s context and his interest in controversial ideas. Use ‘Dracula’ and ‘Van Helsing’ to demonstrate what concepts and concerns have endured and how they have been represented in both texts. JUSTIN LIANG Dracula ( novel) written by Bram stoker is a text which reflects its English Victorian era context, where gender roles were repressed and science and religion had a conflicting relationship. Van Helsing (Stephen Summers) is a contemporary reproduction which demonstrates the same concepts and concerns that have endured but evolved, and so they have been represented for the modern day audience. The evolution of the concern of Gender roles and the idea of the new woman is very obvious through the†¦show more content†¦She is armed, and ready to hunt the deadliest monsters of Transylvania, something the men in the novel would not dare to do. The gothic convention follows the idea that female protagonist needs constant protection and being rescued by the male is still clearly incorporated in the text. Even though Anna, is depicted as a beautiful and physically strong girl.she still needs protection by others, but the difference between the original convention and the contemporary view is that she is not completely weak but not as strong as the male protagonist, Van Helsing. This reflects the contemporary Van Helsing context. During the Victorian era, The growth in science and technology was dramatic and challenged religious theories. One discovery that is eloquently evinced in the story is Darwin’s theory of Evolution, which reflects the novels context as it was a controversial issue of the era. This theory is thought to be the transformation of populations in the struggle for survival as the ones with the â€Å"best† characteristics will be more likely to survive, and those desirable traits are likely to be passed off to offspring. Early in the novel, as Harker becomes more uncomfortable with his lodgings and his host at castle Dracula, he notes, â€Å"unless my senses deceive me, the old centuries had, and have, powers of their own in which mere modernity cannot kill† Here, Harker states one of the central concerns of the Victorian Era: Supernatural,Show MoreRelatedDracula Archibald Constable And Company 261217 Words   |  5 Pages1) Stoker, Bram. Dracula Archibald Constable and Company 26 May 1897, EBook 2) Copyright Date 1897, Horror fiction/Gothic fiction. This story was written in the 15th Century, during the Victorian time period. The three characteristics it portrays are good and evil, not to judge someone before you know them and man vs. himself 3) Man Vs. Himself There are clear clashes between characters; in any case, the focal clash is amongst man and his feelings of trepidation. Dracula really speaks to malice;Read More Dracula by Bram Stoker Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause good always overcomes it. A good example of this is the book Dracula by Bram Stoker because the author expresses the nature of good vs. evil. Dracula wants to come to London because he wants to turn everyone into vampires. The basic background of the book Dracula is when Jonathan Harker, a realtor who is sent to Transylvania to complete a transaction with Dracula so he can come to England. What Harker does not know is that Dracula has a plan for world domination. Well, while Harker is on a trainRead MoreAnalysis Of Dracul Old Vampire / Nobleman From Transylvania1622 Words   |  7 PagesCharacters: Count Dracula: Old vampire/Nobleman from Transylvania, lives in the Carpathian Mountains, evil, can transform into a bat and is very strong, powerless during the day or when he’s not welcomed in someone’s house, cannot cross water = needs to be on some other transportation like a boat Jonathan Harker: A solicitor that is sent to the castle oversee the plans of Dracula’s purchase of an estate in London, naive and young, trapped inside Dracula’s castle, wants to escape and tries to, braveRead MoreAnalysis Of Dracula By Bram Stoker1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe story of vampires throughout the years has been one of horror and fear. Bram Stoker’s, Dracula, takes this legend and uses it to show how this tremendous source of evil reaffirms the promise of Christianity. Once Dracula comes into their lives, the characters must fight to save people, particularly women, from being turned into vampires. Being a vampire means a life of servitude to both death and damnation. Recognizing a dangerous entity like this, means risking their lives as a mean of protectingRead MoreThe Setting Of Dracula By William Shakespeare1155 Words   |  5 PagesActivity 1 The setting of Dracula took place in Transylvania at Castle Dracula and travels over to Whitby. The author decided to pick this place because this was the birthplace of the Dracula stories. By using this it connected more with the original stories of Dracula instead of taking it somewhere else and make it more of a duplicate. While reading this book it made me feel like I was up and close to Dracula. If the setting would have taken place in a different place it would just have been anotherRead MoreFemininity Vs. Masculinity, By Bram Stoker s Dracula2081 Words   |  9 PagesFemininity Vs. Masculinity Vincent D’Onofrio said â€Å"To me the definition of true masculinity and femininity, too – is being able to lay in your own skin comfortably.† In other words, male can’t be too masculine and female can be too feminine, but both qualities can show though any human because of how we act and our emotions. In Bram Stoker, Dracula, each character faces difficult obstacles between the lines of being all man or facing the structures of being a woman. With the help of two criticalRead MoreAnalysis Of Bram Stoker s Dracula1448 Words   |  6 PagesDracula is a widely known novel written by Bram Stoker in 1897. It is popular worldwide for its intense love story and backstory of the infamous Count Dracula. Stoker was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1847. As a child, he was very ill, so in an attempt to entertain himself, he read several books and listened to the horror stories his mother told him. In turn, Stoker became interested in ghost stories and began writing them . Gothic fiction was a genre that was extremely popular during this time periodRead MoreThe Old Vampire Trend : Bram Stoker s Dracula1856 Words   |  8 PagesThe old vampire trend, so very 2000s or so very 1890s? In 1897, Bram Stoker took central European folk tales and turned them into one of the most famous horror books of all time. Stoker s Dracula isn t young and sparkly-hot; he s creepy, old, and likes turning into bats and clouds of mist. Just like today, vampires in 1897 stood in for a lot of contemporary fears and anxieties. This is a novel that took a pretty obscure folk tale creep and skyrocketed him into fame and everlasting pop-culturalRead MoreGothic Horror : The Epic Battle Of Good Versus Evil2409 Words   |  10 Pagesit† (Dittmer 1). The theme in Dracula is that classic Gothic theme of the epic battle of good versus evil. â€Å"In this novel this is expressed in a very direct way, there is never any question as to who is right and who is wrong. According to Duran â€Å"it can be clearly seen the protagonists on the side of good have many endearing qualities while the antagonists on the side of evil have a pact with Lucifer and are of the purest evil† (mikeduran.com). Bram Stokers Dracula demonstrates how religion can influenceRead More Victorian Gothic Literature: Scientific vs. Medieval Thinking1751 Words   |  8 PagesVictorian Gothic Literature: Scientific vs. Medieval Thinking      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creatures of the night have always held a fascination and horror for people in all cultures. The English fascination with sensational and gothic literature came to a peak, after slacking slightly following the Romantic period, in the late Victorian period with such works as Dracula, The Strange Adventures of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and The Picture of Dorian Gray. The literate populace avidly devoured this type of literature

Operational Management for Finance and Marketing - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOperational Management for Finance and Marketing. Answer: Introduction Operational Management is one of the fundamental parts of an organization. It plays an important role in gaining success. This area of management is concerned with creation of goods and services for the company. Operational management is important for all type of business organizations ranging from manufacturing to retailing. Operations include all those activities that are requiring creating and delivering a product or a service from procurement till its distribution. Operational management is one of the parts of three basic functions in an organization (Finance, marketing and operations) (Heizer Barry, 2013). The operational activities go in an organization regardless of the end of a good or service. Operation activities include product creation, development, production and distribution, managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations of processes. Both manufacturing and service organization requires an efficient operational management (Slack, 2015). Importance of Operational Management Operational management has gained importance in the recent times due to public awareness of Japanese manufacturing units. Many business organizations have now realized the importance of operational management in an organization. In order to compete effectively on the global platform it is necessary to develop an effective operational strategy to support the mission of the organization (Russell Taylor-Iii, 2008). Managing the operations is related to choosing a right process. Running a business process requires a great degree of integration of resources at the right place. Time and cost related to the production is important in managing the resources. The secret of success lies in creating a robust competitive advantage that has its roots in the overall process. The overall process and the use of resources are important for a business organization in creating value. This can only be attained through an efficient operation management. Toyota Motors is known for continuous improvement in the process by delivering right quality automobiles. The company has been giving emphasis on the operation management (Sousa Voss, 2008). Operation management acts as a supplement all other activities in an organization. The research and development in an organization is necessary for developing a product. It is the basic need of the customer that has enough potential to be served. The finance department in an organization is concerned with management of cost and makes forecast about the different cost attached (Fixed, variable and overhead). The human resource department has to recruit the most efficient person with an appropriate set of skills. Similarly, the operational department has to integrate all the function in the organization. They have to make the product according to the given specifications. Operational department has to work according to the given budget by utilizing the best capacity (Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra, 2013). Objective of Operation Management The two primary objectives of operation management are customer services and resource utilization. The main objective of any company at the end of the day is to have a satisfied customer. The operation management has to make sure that the customers are satisfied. The needs and the demands of the customers need to be satisfied by using the resources efficiently (Hill Hill, 2012). In case if the resources are not been utilized carefully the purpose of the organization will not be met. The resources on the other hand need to be used more efficiently. The overall purpose is to minimize the excess cost that is related to a product. Both the objectives of the organization need to be met more efficiently. These two factors are complementary in nature and benefit the organization in many ways. The primary objective of IKEA is to ensure that the quality norms are used in all the operations (Cachon Terwiesch, 2009). Key Issues As and when an organization develops, it has to plan and make strategies in order to deal with different opportunities and challenges. There is a necessity to develop an efficient system that is capable of producing quality services. This helps in meeting demands within the given time frame. Globalization Operation manager across world are facing competition from the companies. The companies operating overseas have to improve quality. This creates a problem for the operation manager to work on both the factors simultaneously. They have a duty to serve good products with better quality at a competitive price. The operation management process can only attain significant result if they understand the international trend of conducting business (Reid Sanders, 2010). Sustainability It is a process that helps in evaluating the longevity of a business. The three pillar of sustainability includes social, environmental and economic factors. The operating manager needs to make proper concern regarding these three pillars including the work safety of the workers, community welfare, economic and environment sustainability (Mahadevan, 2015). This is important for the manager to implement best practices into operations so that the goals can be achieved. There is a necessity to make an initiative through corrective measure by considering all the three factors into practice. Ethical Conduct Ethics play an important role in managing the organization. It is meant to ensure that the production function and activities are not damaging the customer and the society. It is important for the business to be ethical in conducting all the business practice unethical business practice followed by the business organization can damage the organization. The recently noted fraud in Wells Fargo is an example of unethical behavior. This kind of operation has a potential to damage the organization for a long run (What are the 5 Current Challenges of Operations Management? 2016). Effective Communication It is important for an organization to develop effective communication strategies at each level. The operation manager faces challenges in managing the communication in an effective way. Effective and efficient communication is one of the integral parts in an organization that is important for developing morale in order to initiate further. Operation manager need to think about different process to strengthen the overall process of communication. There is a necessity to develop the skills so that the end results can be attained in a better way. Development of the effective communication strategies will allow business organization will allow in gaining effective market position. Designing the System One of the most critical parts in operational management is designing the system. Product development includes determining the characteristics and features. This begins with the assessment of customer needs and grows into a detailed product. The information system bused need to be controlled throughout the process. The manufacturing decision related to the process is the integral part of an organization. The structural decisions need to be taken by the operations manager that has a great impact on the operations success. Product designing is a critical part that determines the characteristics of a product. It helps in determining products cost and quality. They are the important factors that help customers in making purchase decision (Operations Manaagement, 2017). The scale economy or business components that are involved in the process makes the organization workforce more effective. There is a necessity to determine whether the demand for a product is large enough to justify the mass production or if there is sufficient demand in consumer group. If the demand for a product is so small or seasonal it cannot support production facility. Responsibilities of Operation Manager Operation mange is the one who has a duty to look after all the operations. He has to evaluate all the operations based on the input from the overall objective of the organization. No process can be done without an effective business plan. There are two set of responsibilities in the hands of the operational manager. Firstly he has to make sure that the process and operations are been used efficiently and are performed at a commendable level. Secondly he has to see that the end of this process should create a path for all the activities. In case if any of the internal operation fails it is has duty to find out an effective plan to attain effective plan. Every operation manager has to make decisions related to different business operations. Hence it is important for his part to follow the changing trends in the organization. Every operation manger has certain ser of budget that he has to follow in order to gain objectives (Walters Rainbird, 2007). Conclusion The belief of the people rests with the strategic planning. The role of the operation manager should not be neglected in the competitive business environment. As the business environment is getting more challenging it is important for an individual to take effective measures t gain efficiencies. The report provides an insight into the key challenging factors and importance of Operation management in an organization. . The overall process and the use of resources are important for a business organization in creating value. References Cachon, G., Terwiesch, C. (2009).Matching supply with demand(Vol. 2). Singapore: McGraw-Hill. Heizer, R., Barry, R. (2013).Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain management(Vol. 11). Pearson, UK. Hill, A., Hill, T. (2012).Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan. Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., Malhotra, M. K. (2013).Operations management: Processes and supply chains(Vol. 1). New York: Pearson. Mahadevan, B. (2015).Operations management: Theory and practice. Pearson Education India. Operations Manaagement,(2017).Online. Retrieved from: https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/operations-management.html (Accessed on: 24 May 2017) Reid, R. D., Sanders, N. R. (2010).Operations management: an integrated approach. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Russell, R. S., Taylor-Iii, B. W. (2008).Operations management along the supply chain. John Wiley Sons. Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Sousa, R., Voss, C. A. (2008). Contingency research in operations management practices.Journal of Operations Management,26(6), 697-713. Walters, D., Rainbird, M. (2007).Strategic operations management: A value chain approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. What are the 5 Current Challenges of Operations Management?.(2016). Online. Retrieved from: https://online.kettering.edu/news/2016/10/18/what-are-5-current-challenges-operations-management (Accessed on: 24 May 2017)

Market Screening Essay Example

Market Screening Essay For example a low level employee has a question, and asks a high level employee (Higher on scale then low level) the high level employee may have an answer that Is Incorrect; the low level employee will take that answer as the correct one Just because of the class difference. That low level employees mindset Is, If he Is higher In the company then me, he must know more than me. 3. Masculinity Femininely- How male orientated or female orientated a country is. Example 1- Canada is 52 on the scale, meaning we treat men and women fairly equal. Example 2- Sweden is 5 on the scale, meaning they treat women favorably, it is a country run by a woman, so this could affect how business is run. This dimension has a huge effect on how businesses are run because of how people treat co workers. 4. Uncertainty avoidance- This explains how many risks a country is willing to take. If they have a high uncertainty index, they are run by the book, no room to breathe no mistakes, everything is in order all the time. The opposite goes for Low index, the country is willing to take many risks in order to improve. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Screening specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Market Screening specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Market Screening specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both of these go for how a country/business can be UN, if it is high the business will not be open to change, and if it is low the business welcomes change with open arms. 5. Long + short term orientation- This is how open a culture/business focuses on rep or status in my opinion. If a country like China has a business with the idealism of a Long term orientation they keep their employees, people stay in 1 business for a life time. In fact that business is there life that same place may own everything in an area, the company owns the schools, the cars, the hospitals, and it becomes a community. The opposite goes for countries like Culturally both countries are different from each other, and will affect management. Canada is a very Multilingualism collect so Adam will nave many smallness when trying to manage in a very group orientated fashion. Canada having a low PDP indicates that there isnt as much of a class system as Brazil being at 69, so because of this class system Adam is going to have to treat his workers differently to get the message across, maybe not as many questions being asked to workers, but Just being demanding and straight forward. In Canada there should/is a mutual respect teens managers and workers, in Brazil being higher on the PDP scale, the workers and managers respect each other; but the workers feel a bit less free around the manager, and a bit more oaf underdog. Adam comes from a very neutral masculine and feminine country, and Brazil is almost the same, so the management change from Canada to Brazil will be very neutral and wont give him many problems. Areas that have a neutral masculine and feminine country wouldnt have as many problems as a masculine dominant society or feminine dominant. When Adam first goes to Brazil to begin management, he will have problems with uncertainty because Canada is very open to change, and is happy with what they have, Canada is right in the middle for the most part. But when Adam first goes to Brazil the workers there might have a problem with him already Just from the initial change that he might implement. Brazil has a high ALAI so as Adam Joins in the workers will have to change work habits right off the bat to suit Adam to some degree. Brazil has a very long term orientation type of society. When people start a Job; the expectation is that they will pep the Job for a long time, and will have a lot of Job security. If someone is out of line and not doing what they are expected of, Adams cant Just give someone 2 weeks notice that they must leave, the idea is to keep people for a long time, and train them so they are efficient in their Job. Canada is literally the opposite, people in Canada move Jobs constantly so Adam is going to change himself to get used to this new type of culture. 3. The selection regarding hiring Adams doesnt change much because of the knowledge of international business that he has himself. Adams still has knowledge f Portuguese language, but is not anything fantastic, but he does have knowledge of English which is a primary language in business, and Spanish. So because of this Im sure that Adams will be fine in Brazil understanding main business languages. Language skills are a huge importance in the business world, and Adams has the main business languages (English, Spanish), and understanding of Portuguese, so his knowledge of the languages will be very beneficial to his management skills. The use of a translator should not be required, Adam has said that he can speak English, Spanish and understands Portuguese, so because of this understanding of languages, Adams should be able to figure things out for himself. It is understandable if there are small needs of assessment within the language barriers, but Adams knowledge of all the languages should be beneficial to putting the pieces of languages together. Spanish and Portuguese are very similar languages, so Adams should be fine. Problems that may occur with Adams language barrier is the fluency with Portuguese. He should be able to figure things out for himself, but I anticipate that there might eventually need a translator. Also with Adams managing there, he will learn over time to speak Portuguese fluently over time. 4. Brazil is one of the Burl countries. Inure are 4 Burl countries: Brazil, Ursula, IANAL, Ana Canaan. Nine Burl countries are four major countries that are major business countries with a lot of profit to be made in each of them. Brazil is one of these Brick countries, and in the last few years Brazil has had a new government which changed the trade barriers within it so more business can be dealt with. Bombardier made these decisions based on the market screening process, Brazil: Basic Needs, Demand, Legal forces, Geographical screen, competitive, and final selection. Brazil needed to answer all of these screening processes better than average. Basic needs of Brazil- Brazil is in need of industrial corporations and is growing all the time, the CIA fact book shows the amount of Labor force by occupation: Agriculture: 20% Industries: 14% services: Brazil is growing constantly and the more companies like Bombardier making Brazil a host country is making more profit themselves, and also pushing Brazil closer to a fully developed country with more services instead of Agricultural Jobs. More Jobs is utter for Brazil and the labor cost is lower than in the US, so Bombardier makes more profits. Economic/Financial- Compared to other countries, Brazil has a low inflation rate of 4. 2%, This is very low even for a Brick country, Russia for instance has 1 1. % inflation rate, so Brazil is great to go into in that regard. The exchange rates arent bad as well Exchange rates: Real (BRB) per US dollar 2. 0322 (2009), a bit high but can work with it. Legal + Political- Brazil is a Federal republic a state in which the powers of the central government are restricted and in which the component parts (states, colonies, or rovings) retain a degree of self-government; ultimate sovereign power rests with the voters who chose their governmental representatives. This allows trade agreements and trade barriers to be lowered and allow more things to go through. The entry barriers are small; most things go through now that there is a new government. With the new government, people in smaller towns vote for their own government, and they have a choice. So the government is stable if the people are happy. Coloratura- Brazil is a very time oriented society for the most part regarding life in a business. People in Brazil focus on staying somewhere for a long time, so the culture would be similar to the business world. Cultures are based on time, older cultures stay with the community rather than new cultures being created and put into play. Brazil is a great culture to get into with a multi conglomerate like Bombardier, because it is a Brick country but the culture would accept something that may increase Jobs and value of the community/country. Competition- Competition within Brazil is not much for Bombardier, Brazil has services and industries but Bombardier does so many different things, Jet skies, boats, and makes a huge market hat is hard to compete with. Industries within Brazil are: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment. Given all of the other businesses in Brazil it gives an outline of what competition Bombardier will have, and given a quick look these businesses dont focus on the same things, so Brazil is open to a organization like this. Final Selection- Brazil passes all of the screening processes with flying colors, lots of labor cheaper than the US, not much competition, very cultural so the sooner Bombardier gets Into Brazil ten Taster people would Jolt Ana ten longer people would be there. Brazil is in need of more services and industries so having new factory building/selling bombardier products will give Jobs and increase Braziers rep having a huge organization there. Brazil has a new political system and a new government, making it cheaper and more effective moving in Brazil then other Brick countries. Brazil would be a fantastic new market for Bombardier to move into because of how well it passes the market screening, it is a great place to make an amazing profit and to expand into a host country.

What Are the Prices Composings for the Professional Research Paper Writing Service

What Are the Prices Composings for the Professional Research Paper Writing Service What Are the Price’s Composings for the Professional Research Paper Writing Service? You have three big writing assignments due next week as well as a big exam. You are more likely to think that it will be impossible for you to finish them all and do well. There just aren’t enough hours in a day. Many students in this situation turn to a professional research paper writing service. Although some will tell you that this is unethical, at its heart, professional academic writing is a business just like any other. If someone provides a service, they deserve to get paid. The problem is that as a college student your budget is limited. You have to carefully monitor your spending. For this reason, when choosing a professional writing service, you may decide to opt for the cheapest one. But is that really a good idea? Here are the reasons you might want to consider paying a little more for a professional writing service. Research The foundation of a quality paper is the quality of the research. You need to be sure that everything in your paper is backed up by reliable, relevant sources that provide strong supporting details for your thesis. You also need to be certain that these sources are properly cited. If a writer is paid poorly, he will not be motivated and may cut corners on this part, or may not have a good repertoire of research skills. Proofreading This is another area which an unmotivated or lazy writer may consider as unimportant. The result of handing in a paper that has not been thoroughly checked and proofread can be disastrous. It could be full of errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation and you may find yourself devoting some of your limited time to fixing them. Meeting the Deadline If you are experiencing panic about finishing this assignment, probably, it’s because your deadline is approaching. A motivated and professional writer will be willing and able to move things around in their schedule or possibly stay up late at night to finish the job. If a writer is not paid well, he/she will not be as flexible. That could result in missing your deadline. You could easily do that on your own for free. Demands of an Advanced Level of Study It’s not hard to find someone who can write a simple paper, but if you need someone to write a paper for your master’s program in sociology, for example, or for your pre-med degree, the stakes are much higher. A writer that is competent in these levels will need to have an advanced degree. If that’s the case, he/she probably would like to earn a lot more money and you need to shell out some extra cash to make it worth their time. You Get What You Pay for A quality professional writer deserves to be paid. If a writer is not adequately compensated, you cannot expect them to produce a quality work. There are many things besides price to consider when hiring a professional writing service. In the end, let us assure you that the decision to go with a cheap writing service can really cost you much more.

Build an Authors Platform by Becoming an Internet Radio Show Host

Build an Authors Platform In todays ever-changing age of publishing, acquisitions editors at many publishing houses evaluate authors’ worth based on how many fans they have, how much publicity they can acquire and what kind of network theyre tapped into. According to Dr. Deborah Siegel, a writing coach and co-founder of SheWrites.com, the editors definition of a writers platform is qualifiable proof that youre the person to write this book and quantifiable proof that you have the ability to promote it. In today’s digital age, promotion means online promotion, having a social media presence, followers and fans. Internet radio has become one of the fastest and most popular ways to distribute the story and message of your book even before it is published. Each week for my radio show, â€Å"Giving Voice to Your Story,† I interview expert bloggers, speakers and authors of notable influence on the issues of craft and writing the personal story. Most recently, Ive interviewed popular blogger, author and speaker Nina Amir, author of How to Blog a Book. Other lineups include: Linda Joy Myers, president of the National Association for Memoir Writing. Julia Cameron, creator of the well-known The Artist’s Way and The Right to Write appeared on my show on December 20th. When my mother passed away earlier this year, I shared lessons and writing techniques I developed while writing my memoir in progress, a story about what it was like growing up in the shadow of a famous classical pianist. Listeners called in and left comments on both my Blog Talk Radio and Facebook promotional pages. One listener even became a client! The most popular venue for Internet radio is Blog Talk Radio. Most radio stations use Blog Talk Radio as their infrastructure. As the most established venue, it offers an easy start up. One can open a very workable free account, but the best deal for a solo account is $99. Paying $249 gives the most promotion. The key to building a listenership is to work the Internet. Find your tribe. Find groups on LinkedIn and engage them At the end of the day, editors want to see quantifiable proof of the numbers of the people you can reach and how you can reach them. In the digital world of marketing and promotion, this is your â€Å"online footprint.† As you begin building your author platform, see how you can work from a deeper place of service rather than think about who you are and how you come across. Each time I broadcast, I ask myself what listeners and readers will gain from tuning in. Involve your listeners as much as possible and watch your listenership grow.

Case study and Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study and Questions - Essay Example This is not environmentally sustainable as it contributes tremendously to global warming. For this reason, automobile companies have consistently tried to alter their respective products in order to accommodate emission abatement targets set by their governments. One uncertainty that pervaded automobile industry players is the availability of infrastructure required to make their technologies work. It is for this reason that ethanol vehicles, compressed natural gas fuels, hybrid electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuels cells have failed. Most of these companies entered the market with the hope of providing more sustainable alternatives. However, they did not live up to expectations because there were no dedicated networks of refueling stations, pipelines, storage and transmission of the fuel sources. Efficiency has also been a key uncertainty in personal transportation as consumers often expect value for money. Most of the conventional automobiles in the market did not use their value sources efficiently, so this caused wastage and required greater consumer expenditure in order to make up for the lost energy. Several companies have been trying to introduce new automobiles that would consume most of the fuel and whose lifecycle was not expensive. Ethanol vehicles failed at this attempt because agricultural expenditure and the overall cost of producing food crops were costlier than the savings garnered from the automobile technology. Similarly, this problem has plagued a number of sustainability-driven auto firms as critics claim that the efficiencies enjoyed by consumers were offset by large scale producers of electricity or any other green energy. Therefore, organisations have been striving to maintain a balance between energy efficiency and cost efficiency. Consumers require a vehicle that is practical, or one that can

Critically discuss how HR Business Partner can add value to the IT Assignment

Critically discuss how HR Business Partner can add value to the IT Department - Assignment Example People working at an organization contribute individually and collectively in achieving the objective of the organization. Human resource employees form an integral part of each and every level and department of the company, may it be Finance and Accounting, Operations, Marketing and Sales, or Information Technology (Smith, 2008). Now a days, Information Technology Department is a must part of every organization. It introduces the emerging technologies to reduce the cost, limit the workforce and provide the most innovative and cost effective services and products to the clients. IT Department is not a knowledge management or a policy making office, which tells which information is correct. It provides the operating parameters for the operating units as well as the individuals’ use of information technology systems, architects, networks, etc. Moreover, it stores and secures the electronic information that the organization owns, ad with provides direct operating support in softw are use and data management to all the functional areas of the organization. Information technology has become a part of our daily lives; no organisation can survive without it. It is significant for employees of the company to share the objectives, strategies and plans with co-workers and colleagues. The internet technology has made this information sharing possible, in a cost effective and efficient manner. The telephones are modified as Cell Phones which increase the flexibility in communication and one can contact the other person in no time. Instead of face to face meetings, many contracts are made through internet and sometimes on the cell phones. By using the networking sites, the leaders (CEO and top management) can approach the subordinates whenever necessary. The networking system can also be used to receive news and updates by the workers. Blogs and social bookmarking is one of the cheapest ways of getting feedback from the customers. These sites can be used for promotion and positioning purposes and to determine what changes do the customers desire in the product or service offered by the company. New technology has decentralised the organizations and resulted in a flatter organisational pyramid. The number of management levels has decreased as technology helps filling the gap between top management and workers. All the employees are encouraged to give new ideas and suggestions for improvement. (Mullins, 2004) With advantages, there always some disadvantages. People are becoming very technological based and very much dependent on it. It can be very damaging for the society as IT is taking away the organic ideas and natural thoughts. Till now, we humans are administrating the computer technology but a day may come when the technology will administrate. It may happen that we become the slave to the technology. IT department plays a significant role in integrating the different departments in the organization. The HR Business Partner can add real valu e to the IT department as they have comprehensive knowledge of the business and ability to quickly identify gaps between the operations of internal client. It is very important for an organization to improvise their products and services according to the needs and demands of their customers. Whenever there is any kind of change; from change in policies to change in the strategies or even a change in product to create differentiation and better suit the customers, Department of

Erupted Material Essay Example for Free

Erupted Material Essay Another way of classifying volcanoes is by the composition of material erupted (lava), since this affects the shape of the volcano. Lava can be broadly classified into 4 different compositions (Cas Wright, 1987): * If the erupted magma contains a high percentage (63%) of silica, the lava is called felsic. * Felsic lavas (dacites or rhyolites) tend to be highly viscous (not very fluid) and are erupted as domes or short, stubby flows. Viscous lavas tend to formstratovolcanoes or lava domes. Lassen Peak in California is an example of a volcano formed from felsic lava and is actually a large lava dome. * Because siliceous magmas are so viscous, they tend to trap volatiles (gases) that are present, which cause the magma to erupt catastrophically, eventually forming stratovolcanoes. Pyroclastic flows (ignimbrites) are highly hazardous products of such volcanoes, since they are composed of molten volcanic ash too heavy to go up into the atmosphere, so they hug the volcanos slopes and travel far from their vents during large eruptions. Temperatures as high as 1,200 Â °C are known to occur in pyroclastic flows, which will incinerate everything flammable in their path and thick layers of hot pyroclastic flow deposits can be laid down, often up to many meters thick. Alaskas Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, formed by the eruption of Novarupta near Katmai in 1912, is an example of a thick pyroclastic flow or ignimbrite deposit. Volcanic ash that is light enough to be erupted high into the Earths atmosphere may travel many kilometres before it falls back to ground as a tuff. If the erupted magma contains 52–63% silica, the lava is of intermediate composition. * These andesitic volcanoes generally only occur above subduction zones (e. g. Mount Merapi in Indonesia). * Andesitic lava is typically formed at convergent boundary margins of tectonic plates, by several processes: * Hydration melting of peridotite and fractional crystallization Sarychev Peak eruption, Matua Island, oblique satellite view * Melting of subducted slab containing sediments[citation needed] * Magma mixing between felsic rhyolitic and mafic basaltic magmas in an intermediate reservoir prior to emplacement or lava flow. If the erupted magma contains 45% silica, the lava is called mafic (because it contains higher percentages of magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe)) orbasaltic. These lavas are usually much less viscous than rhyolitic lavas, depending on their eruption temperature; they also tend to be hotter than felsic lavas. Mafic lavas occur in a wide range of settings: * At mid-ocean ridges, where two oceanic plates are pulling apart, basaltic lava erupts as pillows to fill the gap; * Shield volcanoes (e. g. the Hawaiian Islands, including Mauna Loa and Kilauea), on both oceanic and continental crust; * As continental flood basalts.

Trail Of Tears :: American America History

Trail Of Tears On September 15, 1830, at Little Dancing Rabbit Creek, the Chiefs of the Choctaw Nation and representatives of the U.S. met to discuss the impact of a bill recently passed by the Congress of the U.S. This bill, with all the same good intentions of those today who believe they know better than we how to conduct our lives, allowed for the removal of all Indian peoples to the West of the Mississippi River. It had been made clear to the Choctaw, that the Whites in Washington cared little for our situation, that either we willingly moved, or by military force we would be moved. We were not ignorant savages, but industrious farmers, merchants, and businessmen of all types. We were educated people, many were Christians. We had an organized system of government and a codified body of law. Some of these people were not even Indians, many strangers and orphans had been taken in over the years. The Chiefs and Warriors signed the treaty, realizing they had no option. For doing this the government officials guaranteed, in the body of the treaty, safe conveyance to our new homes. (Do not forget for a moment that in this treaty, the Choctaw traded 10.3 million acres of land east of the Mississippi for 10.3 acres in Oklahoma and Arkansas that we already owned under previous treaties) Further, it included provisions and monetary annuities, to assist the people to make a new start. One half of the people were to depart almost immediately, the rest the next year. After the signing of the treaty, many saw their land and property sold before their own eyes. The "conveyances" promised turn out to be a forced march. At the point of a gun, the pace killed many of the old, exposure and bad food killed most. Rotten beef and vegetables are poor provisions, even for the idle. Many walked the entire distance without shoes, barely clothed. What supplies were given had been rejected by the whites. This cannot directly blamed on the government, nearly all of this was done by unscrupulous men, interested only in maximizing their profits. They government's fault lies in not being watchful of those taken into their charge. Many of the old and the children died on the road. At each allowed stop, the dead were buried. Hearing of this many escaped. They knew that as they signed the rolls, to be "removed", that this might as well be their death warrants.

Native American Paper Essay

In the pre-Columbian era when the Europeans had not yet discovered the â€Å"New World† there lived many distinct but also similar tribes that ruled all across. Many tribes existed during this era of prosperity for the Native Americans. A few of the main tribes of it are the Cherokee, Iroquois, Navajo, and Sioux who were all special in their own way. Firstly, the Cherokee were made up of seven clans with which each had a different purpose and job. The names and jobs of all the tribes in English are Long Hair which sends the Peace Chief, Blue who is the oldest; Wolf to protect clans, Wild Potato is the keeper of the land (gatherers), Deer is the fastest runners and hunters, Bird sends messengers, and lastly Paint are the medicine people. The belief system for the Cherokee was that good is rewarded and evil is punished. One main object they used was river cane making and using it for multiple purposes. The Trail of Tears was an important part of the Cherokee past since they used it to move to a different territory. (Information for the Cherokee Paragraph: Secondly, the Iroquois were consisted up of a small amount of tribes such as Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora. The main Iroquois considered themselves to be a superior people which lowered their numbers as time went by. One more reason the numbers went down was because they joined the British during the Revolutionary War. The belief of the Iroquois was that they should not kill each other and a sense of internal unity. The way the Iroquois survived was through a political system. (Information for the Iroquois Paragraph:? http://www. tolatsga. org/iro. html).

All The King’s Men: Analysis of the Cass Mastern Passage

All the King’s Men, by Robert Penn Warren is a novel of historical fiction. It is loosely based on the life of Governor Huey Long, who served as governor of Louisiana from nineteen twenty-eight until nineteen thirty-two and United States Senator from nineteen thirty-two until nineteen thirty-five when he was assassinated. Willie Stark, the protagonist and obviously the thinly disguised character of Governor Long even though Warren denied it, is an interesting character, but there is a framed story in Chapter Four that is intriguing of Cass Mastern that diverts from the any thing having to do with Willie Stark. The narrator of All The King’s Men, Jack Burden, is commanded by Stark to dig up dirt on a much loved man in Burden’s life. It is then that he remembers the writing of his dissertation of papers that were his father’s uncle, Cass Mastern. Mastern was a student at the University of Transylvania in Lexington, Kentucky during the eighteen fifties. He was funded by his older brother, Gilbert, a wealthy planter. Jefferson Davis, a neighbor of Gilbert, had sent letters ahead of Cass recommending him to a respectable couple, Duncan and Annabelle Trice. Duncan was a young banker in Lexington and he and Cass quickly become close friends. Duncan was completely devoted to his wife and assumed that she was equally devoted to him. However, Cass and Annabelle Trice begin an affair that would change the course of life for all involved. The affair was passionate and was aided by Annabelle’s half-sister. Duncan was out of town on business frequently which gave the lovers the house when he was away. Cass and Annabelle felt that they were safe in their romantic fun, but one day Duncan shoots himself in his library. He had staged it to look as if it had been an accident. Duncan knew both parties well enough to know that the guilt of their secret would destroy their worlds as they had destroyed his. After the suicide was discovered, Annabelle decided to go to bed. When her servant, Phebe, turned down her bed for her, there was Duncan’s wedding ring. Annabelle immediately knew that he had found out about the affair. Phebe knew as well. After Duncan’s funeral, Annabelle meets Cass in the She tells him of the details of the event and Cass is hit with what he has done to his friend. Because Phebe knows about the wedding ring, Annabelle sells her in Paducha, Kentucky to be taken to New Orleans. It would be a bitter life for Phebe once she was in the Deep South. Cass was overcome with guilt and grief for the consequences of his frivolity. Cass searches in vain for Phebe while hoping to purchase her and bring her back to Lexington. His grief overpowers him at the failure to restore her with her family and the life where she had grown accustomed that he joined the Confederate Army. It was there he was killed and he pays for his sins with his life. Jack Burden gives up working on his dissertation because he cannot understand the actions of Cass. It may seem that the Cass Mastern passage is a random story added to the novel for no reason. However, it has several purposes. It is the first glimpse that is seen into Jack Burden’s sense of guilt. He has also allowed himself to be drawn into a political machine that will destroy the life of someone dear to him. The fact that he has no connection with Cass Mastern’s guilt is foreshadowing. One can only hope that by the end of the novel, Jack’s character will grow to feel one of the most common of human emotions. The story of Cass Masten is parallel to Jack Burden. He will grasp in the end, that there are consequences for an individual’s actions even if that individual is convinced that he/she is doing it for the right purpose. He learns that people are not machines and cannot be turned on or off at will. Guilt will haunt an individual for the rest of his/her life just as Cass Mastern discovered.

Free Essays on Black Music

Black Music in America: A History Through Its People Tahirah Carter by James Haskins Intro to Music I have definitely learned allot about the Evolution of American Music in this class. I found it to be very intriguing. So when I was faced with the chore of deciding which book I would do my report on, I chose Black Music in America by James Haskins. This book gave a detailed account of not only the music genres but it’s performers. We already know that American music is made up of music from many different types of ethnic backgrounds. What gives this book a plus is that it highlights some other aspects of American music, and its performers. The items and events that really caught my attention were the concert singing, Minstrelsies, Jubilee songs, and brass bands. Born as a slave, a girl by the name of Elizabeth Greenfield moved to Philadelphia. She moved there with her Mistress and her parents. Luckily while in Philadelphia they were set free. At the age of forty-two she moved to buffalo New York in order to embark onto new opportunities as a singer. When she reached New York opportunity came knocking. She began a career of concert singing. With a range of three and one quarter octaves you would think that opportunity kept knocking, but it didn’t. Therefore she moved to Europe where she would get the attention and credit that was due to her. While in Europe Elizabeth was shown great appreciation for he talent? Even Queen Victoria demanded that she performed for her at the Buckingham Palace. On the account of Elizabeth doing so well in Europe, She gained newfound popularity in the states. As you see, it wasn’t easy for blacks to make a living in the U.S. That forced blacks to either perform in Europe or the northern states of the U.S.. Some blacks even had to resort to performing in Minstrelsies. Minstrelsies started out as an avenue for whites that were trying to embark on new and exciting culture. At this time America was free fro... Free Essays on Black Music Free Essays on Black Music Black Music in America: A History Through Its People Tahirah Carter by James Haskins Intro to Music I have definitely learned allot about the Evolution of American Music in this class. I found it to be very intriguing. So when I was faced with the chore of deciding which book I would do my report on, I chose Black Music in America by James Haskins. This book gave a detailed account of not only the music genres but it’s performers. We already know that American music is made up of music from many different types of ethnic backgrounds. What gives this book a plus is that it highlights some other aspects of American music, and its performers. The items and events that really caught my attention were the concert singing, Minstrelsies, Jubilee songs, and brass bands. Born as a slave, a girl by the name of Elizabeth Greenfield moved to Philadelphia. She moved there with her Mistress and her parents. Luckily while in Philadelphia they were set free. At the age of forty-two she moved to buffalo New York in order to embark onto new opportunities as a singer. When she reached New York opportunity came knocking. She began a career of concert singing. With a range of three and one quarter octaves you would think that opportunity kept knocking, but it didn’t. Therefore she moved to Europe where she would get the attention and credit that was due to her. While in Europe Elizabeth was shown great appreciation for he talent? Even Queen Victoria demanded that she performed for her at the Buckingham Palace. On the account of Elizabeth doing so well in Europe, She gained newfound popularity in the states. As you see, it wasn’t easy for blacks to make a living in the U.S. That forced blacks to either perform in Europe or the northern states of the U.S.. Some blacks even had to resort to performing in Minstrelsies. Minstrelsies started out as an avenue for whites that were trying to embark on new and exciting culture. At this time America was free fro...

Learn About the History of the Microphone

Learn About the History of the Microphone A microphone is a device for converting acoustic power into electric power with essentially similar wave characteristics. These devices convert sound waves into electrical voltages that are subsequently converted back into sound waves and amplified through speakers. Today, microphones are most often associated with the music and entertainment industries, but the devices date back as far as the 1600s when scientists began seeking out ways in which they could amplify sound. The 1600s 1665: While the word â€Å"microphone† wasn’t used until the 19th century, English physicist and inventor Robert Hooke is credited with developing an acoustic cup and string style phone and is considered a pioneer in the field of transmitting sound across distances. The 1800s 1827: Sir Charles Wheatstone was the first person to coin the phrase microphone. A renowned English physicist and inventor, Wheatstone is best known for inventing the telegraph. His interests were varied, and he devoted some of his time the study of acoustics during the 1820s. Wheatstone was among the first scientists to formally recognize that sound was transmitted by waves through mediums. This knowledge led him to explore ways of transmitting sounds from one place to another, even over long distances. He worked on a device that could amplify weak sounds, which he called a microphone. 1876: Emile Berliner invented what many consider the first modern microphone while working with famed inventor Thomas Edison. Berliner, a German-born American, was best known for his invention of the Gramophone and the gramophone record, which he patented in 1887. After seeing a Bell Company demonstration at the U.S. Centennial Exposition, Berliner was inspired to find ways to improve the newly invented telephone. The Bell Telephone Companys management was impressed with the device he came up with, a telephone voice transmitter, and bought Berliners microphone patent for $50,000. (Berliners original patent was overturned and later credited to Edison.) 1878: Just a couple years after Berliner and Edison created their microphone, David Edward Hughes, a British-American inventor/music professor, developed the first carbon microphone. Hughess microphone was the early prototype for the various carbon microphones still in use today. The 20th Century 1915: The development of the vacuum tube ampliï ¬ er helped improve the volume output for devices, including the microphone. 1916: The condenser microphone, often referred to as a capacitor or an electrostatic microphone, was patented by inventor E.C. Wente while working at Bell Laboratories. Wente had been tasked with improving the audio quality for telephones but his innovations also enhanced the microphone. 1920s: As broadcast radio became one of the premier sources for news and entertainment around the world, the demand for improved microphone technology grew. In response, the RCA Company developed the first ribbon microphone, the PB-31/PB-17, for radio broadcasting. 1928: In Germany, Georg Neumann and Co. was founded and rose to fame for its microphones. Georg Neumann designed the first commercial condenser microphone, nicknamed â€Å"the bottle† because of its shape. 1931: Western Electric marketed its 618 Electrodynamic Transmitter, the ï ¬ rst dynamic microphone. 1957: Raymond A. Litke, an electrical engineer with Educational Media Resources and San Jose State College  invented and filed a patent for the first wireless microphone. It was designed for multimedia applications including television,  radio, and higher education. 1959: The Unidyne III microphone was the first uni-directional device designed to collect sound from the top of the microphone, rather than the side. This set a new level of design for microphones in the future. 1964: Bell Laboratories researchers James West and Gerhard Sessler received patent no. 3,118,022 for the electroacoustic transducer, an electret microphone. The electret microphone offered greater reliability and higher precision at a lower cost and with a smaller size. It revolutionized the microphone industry, with almost one billion units manufactured each year. 1970s: Both dynamic and condenser mics were further enhanced, allowing for a lower sound level sensitivity and a clearer sound recording. A number of miniature mics were also developed during this decade. 1983: Sennheiser developed the first clip-on microphones: one that was a directional mic (MK# 40) and one that was designed for the studio (MKE 2). These microphones are still popular today. 1990s: Neumann introduced the KMS 105, a condenser model designed for live performances, setting a new standard for quality. The 21st Century 2000s: MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) microphones begin making inroads in portable devices including cell phones, headsets, and laptops. The trend for miniature mics continues with applications such as wearable devices, smart home, and automobile technology, 2010: The Eigenmike was released, a microphone that is composed of several high-quality microphones arranged on the surface of a solid sphere, allowing the sound to be captured from a variety of directions. This allowed for greater control when editing and rendering sound. Sources Leslie, Clara Louise,  Who Invented the Microphone?  Radio Broadcast, 1926Who Invented the Microphone: How Emile Berliner came up with the invention and how it has impacted the broadcasting industry. The History Engine. Digital Scholarship Lab.  The University of Richmond,  © 2008–2015  Shechmeister, Matthew. The Birth of the Microphone: How Sound Became Signal. Wired.com. January 11, 2011Bartelbaugh, Ron. Trends in Technology: Microphones. RadioWorld. December 1, 2010

Palliative care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Palliative care - Essay Example It is implementable for any age and/or stage with serious illness. This is generally provided with curative treatment which has proven to be even more helpful, however for treatment of last stage cancers curative intent is rationally set aside while providing palliative care alone. The concept care started in 2006 in the United States which late matured into a board certified program having specialties in sub-groups of diseases. It is now a multidisciplinary approach for patient care. The terminology differentiates from Hospice Care in certain respects. Palliative Care is given to chronically ill patients and have serious prognosis whereas Hospice Care is given to patients that have less than six months to live if the illness follows its usual course. World Health Organization states that Palliative Care is an approach which improves quality of living of patients and their ambiance who face problems which are life threatening, their prevention, cure and relief involve early identification, apt assessment and their physical, psychosocial and social treatment (WHO, 2009). Palliative Care refers to care which alleviates symptoms and there cure is not possible through simple procedures. It addresses side effects and involves a careful chemotherapy and other relevant measures. It is pertinent to mention here that the term ‘Palliative Care’ involves administration to diseases like cancer, renal disease, chronic heart failure, HIV/AIDS, progressive pulmonary disorders and progressive neurological problems like complicated Schizophrenia. The treatments in above mentioned cases cause psychological, social, spiritual and physical distress. And Palliative Care causes this aggravated condition complex to mitigate. Like emergency care, Palliative Care has its own significance which is substantial. This section deals with the communication

Fashion, Retail and Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fashion, Retail and Advertising - Essay Example The paper "Fashion, Retail and Advertising" will study the intersect between these social and cultural trends, and the world of fashion retail and advertising from the year 2000 to date. Social trends matter in retail trade. As such, it is important to look into some of the trends in terms of social media, communication and culture that stood out the most in the last decade. It is worth noting that in recent times, the advertising industry is more incorporative of the trends, though this is not by choice. The modern day consumer has to be wooed into purchasing certain products by certain companies. This section examines what has been deemed trendy and fashionable in the 2000s. The 2000 has been perhaps the fastest evolving decade in terms of what was popular in this period. The years in this decade as pertains to clothing fashion, saw to the emergence of attributes such as markets flooded with numerous brand names. For example, brands such as Nike are no longer the only ones that are recognized in the retail industry, as there has been widespread infiltration of other brands into the market over the past decade. A good example of such is the emergence of names such as Forever 21. This has left consumers spoilt for choice, with the knowledge that quality is guaranteed, even though one opts to not stick to traditional brand names while acquiring different clothing. In addition to this, the fashion industry has witnessed the evolution of clothing, from conservative wear to clothing.

Impact of Oil Discovery on State-building in Saudi Arabia Essay

Impact of Oil Discovery on State-building in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example Unlike other countries that have a diversified economy, Saudi Arabia depends on oil revenue to build its economy. However, oil prices have become very volatile with prices surging up and down, an aspect that affects the consistency of the country’s economy. The reason is that the country depends heavily on the global oil market which is faced by very high risks and uncertainties in order to make its future plans regarding the progress of the economy. With the increasing levels of globalization resulting from the liberalization of markets, efficient flow of information and integration of economies across the world, it has become very hard for a single country to make its single decisions without considering the effects of the global market. However, unlike other countries which have a diverse source of revenues, Saudi Arabia has stuck with oil in order to spearhead growth and development of the economy. Therefore, since the financial crisis which had a major impact on the spend ing of many countries, the Saudi economy has been greatly affected. This aspect has stalled very many projects which could have stabilized the economy. The oil discovery has enabled the country to establish various structures that make it possible for the country to achieve economic growth. Research indicates that the Saudi government has been critical in investing in the education sector. The country has improved the infrastructures in this sector. It has equipped its research centers especially the departments that deal with oil production.

Gender Victimization in Contemporary World The Cauldron of Crime

Gender Victimization in Contemporary World The Cauldron of Crime The article presents a victimological analysis of crime victims on the basis of their gender victimization process of the teenage girls, working women, other females and also of gays, lesbians and transgender. The article progresses by tracing and analysing the female experience as being women: as child bearers, sexual objects for men, and nurturers. This paper tends to highlight various forms of victimization perpetrated on women like domestic violence, genital mutilation, rape, sexual assault, stalking, trafficking for sexual exploitation, honour killings and female infanticides, and showing that the situation of legal and social protection of abused females is critical. Further moving on to lesbians, gays, bisexuals or transgender a whole array of forms of victimization have been explained which include verbal abuse, degradation in their social status, abandonment by family members and relatives, physical/violent attacks some of which might lead them to commit suicides. Thus all these forms of victimization inflicted upon the weak and vulnerable sex would be analysed elaborately in this paper and various reasons that lead to their victimization have also been explored. The paper would also highlight the impact of victimization on these people by looking at its various consequences over financial, personal, mental, psychological and social aspects of the victims life and also assessing the nexus of the position of victim with the crime which affect the extent of their vulnerability to crime. The paper tends to emanate possible solutions from within the ambit of criminology and victimology that would help understand the position of a victim and the offender in a better way which in turn would help implement various recommendations made in this paper for eradicating all kind of gender victimization. Introduction The path of development of law from ancient period till the 21st century has always been complex and challenging with ever changing perspectives of the society. Throughout this period, crime and criminology has shaped up the overall facet of law as what it stands today. There has been a profound effect of crime on the society and its law in each era. However, the perspective of society towards crime has generally been narrow and one-sided, as the only concentration of criminology stands on the crime perpetrators, their behaviour, their characteristics and the penalties and punishments imposed on them. Criminology has failed to recognise the other side of the crime i.e. the victims and their role in crime which has now gained prominence owing to the serious repercussions of crime on society as a whole. This contemporary concept of studying the behaviour of victims before and after crime has become an important part of the study of crime falling under victimology. Thus victimology has helped us segregate various types of crime perpetrated on victims, the reason why particular victims fall prey to the offenders, the effect of crime on victims and many more. In this detailed analysis we also see that at many occasions crimes perpetrated are gender based and are concentrated against vulnerable section of females like teenage girls, married women, divorced women, girl child, mothers and the trans-genders or gays or lesbians become an easy target for this. There are a plethora of reasons which make them vulnerable to crime namely, physical attributes, social status, ideologies, orientation and the impact of criminal victimization is affected by factors like: sex of the victim, age, a victims prior history of victimization or that of persons known to the victim, overall perceptions of crime, the type and severity of crime experienced, and the relationship between the victim and the offender.  [1]  The discussion about gender based victimization also encompasses var ious types of crimes perpetrated on females and trans-genders which include sexual victimization, physical victimization, emotional victimization and sexual orientation victimization in case of gays and lesbians. Thus this paper aptly traces the trajectory of gender based victimization from various dimensions focussing on the aftermath of victimization from the victims as well as societys perspective. The cruel forms of gender victimization Gender based victimization is something which has always been there, but was hardly condemned owing to the patriarchal society dominated by men. However, with various social reforms according the equal status to women, there has been a significant shift in the ideology of society which has started paying attention to the issues related to women. Thus in this scenario the moot-able point that demands a lot of discussion and debate is that why is there so much of gender based victimization? And how the females, trans-genders, gays or lesbians are victimized in the open daylight, within four walls of their homes, offices etc.? To find an answer to these questions we will now look into various forms of crime perpetrated against women and other vulnerable groups of the society. New terms to describe forms of violence concentrated on women include domestic terrorism, marital rape, date rape, acquaintanceship rape, degrees of sexual assault, wife abuse, wife battering, intimate-partner viol ence, emotional abuse, stalking, sexual harassment, and gender harassment. Stalking The degree and intensity of stalking vary from situation to situation. Usually, stalking implies harassing or threatening behaviour often reiterated by an individual, like continuously following a person, secretly appearing at a persons home or place of work, making blank phone calls to harass, putting written messages or objects, or damaging the objects or property of a person. Thus any unknown or known but unwanted contact between two people that directly or indirectly create a threat or put the victim in fear can be regarded as stalking. Anyone can be a stalker, just as anyone can be a stalking victim. Stalking is a crime that can have serious after-effects on anyone, unaffected by gender, race, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, geographic location, or personal associations. However, if we follow the general pattern of stalking its the female sex that generally falls prey to the stalking. According to the statistics of stalking in United States of America every year 1,006,970 women and 370,990 men are stalked. These figures show that stalking incidents are magnanimously higher when it comes to female sex. Most stalkers of these females are young to middle-aged men with above- average intelligence and many a times from very respectable families and background. Most of the stalking cases crop up from some previous personal or romantic relationship between the stalker and the victim. In such situations, stalkers try to dominate over every aspect of the victims life. Gradually, the victim becomes the stalkers source of self-esteem, and the loss of this contact takes up the shap e of greatest fear for stalker. This dynamic makes a stalker dangerous where he can go to any extent to keep contact with. Unfortunately, the stalking of a female leaves her depressed and puts her in the situation of paranoia where she finds it difficult to come to the social terms out of continuous fear in her mind. To aggrandize the situation some stalkers feel obsessed for another person with whom they have no personal relationship and when the victim does not reciprocate this, the stalker tries to abuse and threaten the victim and some stalkers may even turn to violence. Thus stalking today has become a very common form of victimization of college girls, working women, teenage girls and it pose a great risk to their mental as well as physical health . Domestic violence Moving on to other forms of victimization, domestic violence is also one of the most common forms in which the victim bears the brunt not of strangers but of their own family members. Domestic violence is one of the crimes against women which are linked to their disadvantageous position in the society. Domestic violence refers to violence against women especially in matrimonial homes. Domestic Violence can be described as when one adult in a relationship misuses power to control another. It is the establishment of control and fear in a relationship through violence and other forms of abuse. The violence may involve physical abuse, sexual assault and threats. Sometimes its more subtle, like making someone feel worthless, not letting them have any money, or not allowing them to leave the home. Social isolation and emotional abuse can have long-lasting effects as well as physical violence. Therefore domestic violence is recognized as the significant barriers of the empowerment of women, with consequences of womens health, their health health-seeking behaviour and their adoption of small family norm. Many studies are of the view that violence by intimate partner most likely undermines the sexual and reproductive health of the women. This extensive violence has significant harmful effects like unwanted pregnancy, gynaecological disorders and physical injuries to private parts besides large-scale mental health impacts. Again, many of the commonly associated disorders/problems are found to be inadequately addressed. Violence by husbands against wife should not be seen as a break down in the social order rather than an affirmation to patriarchal social order. Similarly, is of the view that not only wife beating is deeply entrenched, but also people justify it. Thus, domestic violence is simply not a personal abnormality but rather it roots in the cultural norms of the family and the society. Rape/ sexual assault Rape is an assertion of power and not an act of lust. Violence on women is an extension of patriarchy, which means male rule. The two main features of patriarchy are sexual power and supremacy. By rape it is asserted that dominance is the male temperament and subordination the womens. Rape is a conscious process of intimidation by which man keeps woman in a state of fear in the confidence that the victim will not reveal the event to others. It is not like murder to him, though in actuality he murders the life of a woman. Rape can occur when the offender and victim have a pre-existing relationship (sometimes called date rape), or even when the offender is the victims spouse (called marital rape). However, the scene just doesnt end here as rape victims face serious after-effects of rape which include psychological trauma, depression, physical injuries. The plight of rape victims is also aggravated by various myths attached to rape which further victimizes the victim. These include statements like Rape is rarely a casual encounter; women ask for it and they get it by their own acquaintances. If women stay at home, where they belong, they would not get raped. The victims behaviour contributes towards her own victimisation. Most rapes are false accusations filed by women who are trying to get even with some men. Women who get raped are somehow morally corrupt, they are considered to be of loose character and even their tradition is like that. People try to find fault with the victim rather than the culprit. These are a few myths which significantly contribute in the agony of a rape victim. In any case, a traumatized rape victim finds it tough to stand up to the courts scrutiny. W hen such a vulnerable person is further exposed to a battery of embarrassing personal questions, she would naturally feel psychologically disadvantaged. Thats the reason why we have such few convictions in rape cases in India. Most victims either end up withdrawing their cases or reaching an out-of-court settlement. It does not only victimise her, but it also leaves a lifelong stigma on the character and dignity of a woman, causing her and her relatives, pain and agony. The mental torture is so deep that it hardly heals and if it heals at all, it takes a very long time to heal. The woman generally suffers in silence and endures in shame. Gender inequality: Abandonment/ abortion of girl child Around the world, a number of different practices result in physical and emotional harms to girls. In several countries, girl children are viewed as a drain on family resources, and having one or more sons and few or no daughters is valued. Thus, in China and India, girls are abandoned in public places or may be neglected as infants and therefore die; women in South Korea often abort a foetus that is known to be female. Usually, an unbalanced sex ratio of boys to girls is used to indicate selective abortion of girls or neglect that result in their death. An unexpectedly low ratio of girls to boys is referred to as the problem of missing girls. Female-selective abortion is primarily but not exclusively practiced in China, Taiwan, South Korea, Pakistan, and India; it also is not uncommon for Asian immigrant populations, including those in the United States and Canada. Abortion, life-threatening neglect, and abandonment to ensure that a daughter is not added to the family is related to cultural beliefs and to gender inequality. Countries with the greatest number of missing girls are those having the most patriarchal gender arrangements, according to which males control property, have the only inheritance rights, and have better employment options. Complementary cultural beliefs about sons support sex-related abortion in countries with resources to detect sex during pregnancy and for people who can pay for detection and abortions, as well as neglect or abandonment of newborn girls in countries with less advanced economies and technologies. Thus these practices of gender inequality affect not only one single female child but the whole female community. This leads to further degradation in the status of women in society which victimizes the whole community in terms of equal opportunities or equal treatment at home and at workplaces. Female Genital mutilation Girls who are born and who survive can be reminded of their inferior status through the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM). Specific beliefs and norms that promote the practice of FGM vary between countries, but in general the notion that women must be submissive to their husbands provides the rationale for continuing the practice. Women in regions of Africa where the practice is common believe that without the procedure, girls will be wanton and will not remain a virgin before marriage or faithful afterward, and that FGM will protect them because they will not seek sexual relations for pleasure, so their bodies belong totally to the men who marry them. Women support their male family members requirement of FGM both out of concerns that their daughters will be married, which in some places is the only way that a female can survive economically or socially, and also to avoid their own ostracism by being shamed, thrown out of the house, or divorced. Thus this is another form o f gender based victimization which cripples many societies Trafficking for sexual exploitation Human Trafficking, which involves the secret transport of people across local or national borders for the sole motive of sexually exploiting them, is a heinous crime that in most circumstances victimizes girls and women. Women, teenage girls, and sometimes boys are duped or forced into relocating to another area of their country, generally from rural to urban areas, or to other nations, where they are entrapped and swindled to engage in prostitution. In worse situations some poor families living below poverty line sell their female children to traffickers. According to the international data available on trafficking around 1 million people are trafficked for sexual exploitation throughout the world each year. International trafficking of women gained full pace after the collapse of the economic system of erstwhile Soviet Union and other African and Asian nations, as the situation was perfect for prohibited illegal opportunities and the demand for prostitutes and the hefty profits tha t could be made from them, along with minimum risk compared to drug and arms trafficking, accentuated the steep rise in trafficking. Although gender-related poverty is an element that makes trafficking possible, it is an influence only when it is coupled with two other things: motivated traffickers, usually operating in organized criminal groups, and countries or cities that are large sex industry centres where prostitution is tolerated or is legal. The recruiters (sometimes women allowed to escape their work as prostitutes), the pimps, and the traffickers, plus the international inequalities in chances for survival and a good future, are the essential influences on the movement of large numbers of women to settings where they are subjected to abuse and forced to prostitute themselves. For example, in India moneylenders or their agents will visit areas that are affected by desperate poverty. Moneylenders may own brothels, where they place the girls and women to work. In other cases, they may supply the women and girls to brothel keepers for a fee, and then require them to work until the fee is paid off. Once invol ved in prostitution, women are forced, in various ways, to continue. Asian-Indian women have reported to researchers that despite desires to stop, they continued prostitution because of illiteracy, beatings, starvation, rape by family members, and sexual exploitation in alternative jobs that paid less than prostitution, and that therefore created the reality that prostitution provided a higher rate of pay for sexual acts that they would have been forced into regardless of not working as a prostitute. Thus in this way forced prostitution is the face of horrendous monster haunting women who are in desperate need of financial help and renders them victimized both sexually and psychologically. Sexual orientation-motivated crime The victimization of lesbian and gay men, through either verbal harassment or varying degrees of physical assault, is the most common kind of bias related violence. More than half of the lesbian and gay male adult population have been estimated to have encountered some form of verbal harassment or violence in their lives. The victimization of gays, lesbians and trans-genders may be in varied forms which might include hate crimes directed against their whole community or in some countries like India abandonment by own relatives and family members. The ideology of various societies is intolerable towards this concept of differently sexually oriented people and thus people punish gays, lesbians and trans-genders for not being the same as they are. This is very ironic that people fail to appreciate ones own preferences about life and try to impose upon them such conditions which are considered as ideal in a society. This in itself is that facet of victimization of such people who feel ne glected, unwanted at the hands of stereotypes in society. Victimization of lesbians, gays and bisexual youth compromises with their mental health as an impact of assault on youth. Thus those youths who are open about their sexual orientation must not only cope with difficult personal matters but must also deal with negative reactions of family and friends. As a result of these cumulative stresses lesbians, gays and bisexual youths may be particularly at high risk for suicide. Thus this depicts that extreme cases of victimization of bisexuals and homosexuals might even lead them into the dark lanes where they end their lives out of depression. Impact of victimization Gender-related and sexual orientation-related victimization can be particularly traumatic because potential victims are at risk by virtue of gender, which for women and girls is readily apparent, and because it can be motivated by misogyny, dislike of gay and lesbian individuals, and other forms of hate directed at the very identity of a person. For women and girls, because victimization is so often within the family or circle of acquaintances, there is the additional disquietude introduced by violation of trust and the potential for continued contact with the victimizer. Psychological trauma Various researches across the globe have demonstrated severe and complex effects of gender-related victimization. In addition to physical injury and in some cases disability, battering can result in depression, anxiety, and PTSD. A report sponsored by the World Bank concluded that throughout the world, wife abuse is a serious threat to health and quality of life, results in injury or death, and has negative spill-over effects on children, the workplace, and the broader community. As a result of this larger percentage of victims become subject to ongoing emotional and psychological abuse, a form of violence that many battered women consider worse than physical abuse. Domestic violence also has psychological effects that include fear, anxiety, fatigue, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Some victims of incest and other forms of child sexual abuse, wife battering, and stalking are traumatized over a lengthy period. Compared to women who are infrequently stalked, those who are relentlessly stalked over a period of time not only are at greater risk for physical, sexual, and emotional abuse but also suffered more depression and PTSD. Repeated victimization can produce long-term changes in how survivors regulate their emotions, self-perceptions, and relationships with other people, and the meanings they attach to actions and events. The term complex posttraumatic syndrome refers to these sorts of long-term changes. Coming to homosexuals and bisexuals, gay and lesbian survivors of hate crimes are more depressed, angry, anxious, and stressed; they also have more crime-related fears and more often describe personal setbacks that resulted from attacks. Victimized gay and lesbian youths from both rural and urban areas reported high rates of suicide attempts. Many victims of sexual orientation-motivated hate crimes are afraid to report their victimization, and some turn their feelings inward and feel shame or guilt about their identities. Financial loss The economic effects of gender-related victimization could be profound. Many people who are battered in intimate relationships, stalked, raped, and exploited by people who benefit financially from their prostitution are economically marginalized by their victimization. If they are physically or psychologically traumatized, they may be unable to work in legitimate settings. Whether or not individuals simultaneously hold the statuses of victim and offender, the economic impact of gender-related victimization can result in immediate loss of financial resources and long-term declines in quality of life if it is necessary to live in less desirable neighbourhoods. System Abuse The suffering endured by crime victims does not end when their attacker leaves the scene of the crime. They may suffer more victimization by the justice system. While the crime is still fresh in their minds, victims may find that the police interview following the crime is handled callously, with innuendos or insinuations that they were somehow at fault. They have difficulty learning what is going on in the case; property is often kept for a long time as evidence and may never be returned. Some sexual assault victims report that the treatment they receive from legal, medical, and mental health services is so destructive that they cant help feeling re-victimized. Victims may also suffer economic hardship because of wages lost while they testify in court and find that authorities are indifferent to their fear of retaliation if they cooperate in the offenders prosecution. Long-Term Stress Victims may suffer stress and anxiety long after the incident is over and the justice process has been forgotten. For example, girls who were psychologically, sexually, or physically abused as children are more likely to have lower self-esteem and be more suicidal as adults than those who were not abused. Children who are victimized in the home are more likely to run away to escape their environment, which puts them at risk for juvenile arrest and involvement with the justice system. Stress does not end in childhood. Spousal abuse victims suffer an extremely high prevalence of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (an emotional disturbance following exposure to stresses outside the range of normal human experience), anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (an extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and compulsive performance of certain behaviours). One reason may be that abusive spouses are as likely to abuse their victims psychologically with threats and intimidation as they are to use physical force; psychological abuse can lead to depression and other long term disabilities. Some victims are physically disabled as a result of serious wounds sustained during episodes of random violence, including a growing number that suffer paralyzing spinal cord injuries. And if victims do not have adequate insurance coverage, the long-term effects of the crime may have devastating financial as well as emotional and physical consequences. Fear People who have suffered crime victimization remain fearful long after their wounds have healed. Even if they have escaped attack themselves, hearing about anothers victimization may make people timid and cautious. For example, women who are being abused by their partner may be fearful of reporting the abuse to authorities, especially when they read media reports about women who have been stalked and murdered by their partners following disclosure of the abuse to police. Victims of violent crime are the most deeply affected, fearing a repeat of their attack. There may be a spillover effect in which victims become fearful of other forms of crime they have not yet experienced; people who have been assaulted develop fears that their house will be burglarized. Many go through a fundamental life change, viewing the world more suspiciously and less as a safe, controllable, and meaningful place. These people are more likely to suffer psychological stress for extended periods of time. Antisocial Behaviour There is growing evidence that crime victims are more likely to commit crime themselves. Being abused or neglected as a child increases the odds of being arrested, both as a juvenile and as an adult. Young people, especially those who were physically or sexually abused, are much more likely to smoke, drink, take drugs, and become involved in criminal activities than are non abused youth. Incarcerated offenders report significant amounts of post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of prior victimization, which may in part explain their violent and criminal behaviours. Some Progressive developments in India In the recent past there has been an upsurge in rape cases Apart from above solutions, there has been a remarkable improvement in the Indian scenario where many progressive developments have been made by judiciary to protect the interests of victims affected by sexual assault, rape, domestic violence and other manifestations of male dominated society. Thus in the wake of current discussion it becomes important to put some light on one of the most remarkable judgement delivered by Supreme Court of India in the case of Delhi Domestic Working Womens Forum Vs. Union of India, which laid down various guidelines for protecting the dignity and integrity of rape victims and sexual assault victims. The complainants of sexual assault cases should be provided with legal representatives who are well acquainted with the criminal justice system. The victims advocate must also provide her guidance to go for mind counselling or medical assistance whenever needed. Legal assistance will have to be provided at the police station since the victim of sexual assault might very well be in a distressed state upon arrival at the police station. The police should be under a duty to inform the victim of her right to representation before any questions were asked of her. In pursuance of the directive principles contained under A. 38(1) of the constitution of India to set up Criminal Injuries Compensation Board whether or not a conviction has taken place. The court also held that in cases where fines and compensation orders were given together, the payment of compensation should take priority over the fine. These developments signified a major shift in penology thinking, reflecting the growing importance attached to restitution and reparation over the more narrowly retributive aims of conventional punishment. The Supreme Court in recent times has thus advocated the need for a scheme which would help all the victims of gender victimization and thus the social organisations, government authorities have set out to look for such programmes and policies. In order to give concrete base to these ideas the next section of the paper highlights some measures that can be taken in this regard to reduce the agony of victims. Solutions for diminishing the aftermath of victimization on victims THE ROLE OF THE VICTIM ITSELF: Depending on other correlates of social location-for example, poverty and race-girls and women, to varying degrees, have a sense that they need to alter their lives to manage violence that is disproportionately directed against females. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals also emotionally respond to and manage potential gender-related violence through routines and choices in everyday life. Fear of crime influences quality of life and reproduces social inequalities, creating and reinforcing exclusion from particular places and from some social interactions and restricting a persons actions. Individuals beliefs that they need to adjust their lives to avoid gender-related victimization are a manifestation of their oppression. Everyday violence results in measures to guarantee our safety-such as staying alert on the street, resisting arguments with our intimates because their bad tempers might lead to a beating, or avoiding certain public places that make us feel uneasy. Consistent with the notion of everyday violence, fear of crime is most accurately indicated by the wide range of emotional and practical responses to crime and disorder made by individuals and communities or, more generally, the impact of peoples concerns about crime on everyday social life. THE ROLE OF SOCIAL AGENCIES: Helping the victim to cope is the responsibility of all of society. Law enforcement agencies, courts, and correctional and human service systems have come to realize that due process and human rights exist not only for the criminal defendant but also for the victim of criminal behaviour. VICTIM COMPENSATION One of the goals of victim advocates has been to lobby for legislation creating crime victim compensation programs. As a result of such legislation, victims may apply to regional level agencies to receive financial compensation for expenses incurred as a consequence of injuries or death resulting from a criminal offence. Compensation may be provided for medical bills, loss of wages, loss of future earnings, and counselling. In the case of death, the victims survivors may receive burial expenses and aid for loss of support. Personal and household property losses are not normally compensated. COURT SERVICES Among the victim services that need to be provided through the court system, victim witness assistance programs (VWAP) might play a key role in providing information, assistance, and support to victims and witnesses of crime. VWAP programs provide a range of services, including crisis intervention/counselling, referrals to community agencies, emotional support, information about the progress of the case, he